The bitumen quality varies with the variation in crude oil source and refining process, which often cause. Astm d4 862018 standard test method for bitumen content. Table 4016 test tolerance aashto t 59, emulsified asphalts. Ppt types of bitumen and their test methods powerpoint. In the first step, a specific amount of bitumen is dissolved in a proper solvent. Table 4015 test frequency aashto t 59, emulsified asphalts 2 test results per project. Design procedure for bituminous stabilized road surfaces. Various lab test on bitumen posted in material testing. To perform penetration test on bitumen civil engineering. The temperature of oven should not exceed the 90c above the softening point 35 45c. Sample size was depended on maximum aggregate size of the mixture and capacity of the extraction equipment. Dedicated to my wife specioza and my daughter grace. Note 2the precision statement for ductility, as presented in fig. Isfahan bitumen production company ibpc is a dynamic and reputable company based in historic city of isfahan, iran.
Centrifuge method is usually used so for todays post i would also be dealing only the centrifuge method for bitumen extraction test and is standardized by american society for testing materials astm 2172. Apparatus required, theory, procedure, precautions, observations, reporting and recommended values of bitumen ductility is discussed in this article. Testing is required to be completed within two working days of the time the sample was taken. Solubility of bituminous materials test set supports the following standards.
Bitumen process definition is a photographic process in which advantage is taken of the fact that prepared bitumen is rendered insoluble in benzene or other organic solvents by exposure to light as in photolithography. Generally higher penetration bitumen is preferred for use in cold climate and smaller penetration bitumen is used in hot climate areas. Bitumen should be just sufficient to fill the container to a depth of at least 15mm in excess of the expected penetration. Standard test method for softening point of bitumen ringand. For a full assessment of adhesion, the entire bitumenaggregateadhesion system must be tested which is beyond the scope of a bitumen specification. It has been shown that the performance of polymer modified bitumen with polyethylene is better than conventional 80100 grade bitumen and binder modified with crumb rubber. The water in bitumen determined by mixing known weight of specimen in a pure petroleum distillate free from water, heating and distilling of the water. Exp 8 penetration test of bitumen civil engineers pk. This test determine the consistency and thereby the grade of the bitumen. The apparatus needed to determine bitumen content are i centrifuge extractor ii miscellaneous bowl, filter paper, balance and commercial benzene. Penetration test is used to measure the consistency of bitumen, so that they can be classified into standard grades. Softening point of bitumen, test method isfahan bitumen.
In 2010, a new procedure was introduced in poland for the testing of. Mscr testing is carried out at high binder strain values, far outside the lve range. Two grams of bitumen tested guarantee, does add ten milliliters suitable solvent to dissolve in the solvent of bitumen is repeated 8 cycles following after five seconds of the eighth pitch of all samples should be completely dissolved in a solvent. The bitumen above the softening point between 75 and 100oc is softened. Applying sampling procedure for steel correctly applying sampling procedure for soils correctly applying sampling procedure for bitumen correctly applying sampling procedure for timber as required applying sampling procedure for concrete correctly applying sampling procedure for masonry correctly. Generally there are two method used for the bitumen extraction test. Laboratory test procedures applied for mix design e. Report on available test and mix design procedures for. Bitumen quality and manufacturing processespast and. The water bath liquid shall be freshly boiled distilled water when testing materials having softening points below 80 0c and pure glycerin for material having. Softening point is the temperature at which tar in soft loop and pass the ball through the hoop.
Kisunge road construction materials basic knowledge and test procedures j. The softening point is defined as the mean of the temperatures at which the bitumen disks soften and sag downwards a distance of 25 mm under the weight of a steel ball. A depression made in the sample by a needle weight which is measured in tenths of a millimeter and expressed, as penetration number. In no case should the temperature be raised to more than 90 c above expected softening point for petroleum asphalt bitumen.
This is a reformatted version of the procedure last published in july 20 with some minor changes refer to the change history. Astm d2042, astm d4, aashto t44 test set is used to determine the degree of solubility in trichloroethylene of asphalt materials having little or no mineral matter. How to test water content of bitumen tesing of water content of bitumen 6070,4050 and bitumen 80100 it is desirable that the bitumen 4050, 6070 and bitumen 80100 contains minimum water content to prevent foaming of the bitumen 4050, 6070 and bitumen 80100 when it is heated above the boiling point of water. About 1250g sample was collected as capacity of the bitumen extraction equipment. Penetration test of bitumenprocedure, apparatus, and uses. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Ductility of bitumen is its property to elongate under traffic load without getting cracked in road construction works. Bitumen process definition of bitumen process by merriam. Procedure for solubility test on bitumen in the standard test for bitumen content astm d4, a small sample of about 2 g of the asphalt is dissolved in 100 ml of carbon disulfide and the solution is filtered through a filtering mat in a filtering crucible. Bitumen extraction test is used to determine the amount of bitumen that is actually used as binding content in asphaltic pavement or asphaltic concrete recently laid at site.
For example, if the bitumen has any amount of sulfur, it will be titled as iraqi bitumen. Bitumen water content test water in bituminous materials. Design procedure for bituminous stabilized road surfaces for low volume roads 200828. Exp 12 softening point of bitumen civil engineers pk. Laboratory testing of polymer modified bitumen test data were from the quality control of pmb samples in the period 2009 to 2012. It is an empirical test which measures the consistency hardness of an asphalt at a specified test condition. Consistency of a bituminous material expressed as the distance in tenths of a millimeter that a standard needle vertically penetrates a sample of the material under known conditions of loading, time, and temperature. The new viscosity grading system conforms to is 732006 paving bitumen specification third revision. Road construction materials basic knowledge and test procedures j. Stir until it is completely fluid and free from air bubbles and water, and filter if necessary, through is sieve 30.
Water content in bitumen is determined by dean and stark method. To prevent this bitumen should have minimum water content in it. The producer is required to keep the test results on file for a minimum period of three years. There are many tests which are conducted to check the quality of bitumen. The procedure requires parameters such as soil type, strength, and average daily traffic to conduct the analysis. Test method to determine the softening point of bitumen based on astmd36.
It is desirable that the bitumen contains minimum water content to prevent foaming of the bitumen when it heated above the boiling point of water. It is stirred thoroughly to remove air bubbles and water. Bitumen content test of a bituminous mix purpose the test determines the bitumen content in the bituminous mix by cold solvent extraction. Tests and frequency for ia for viscosity and sieve are shown in table 4015. For a full assessment of adhesion, the entire bitumen aggregateadhesion system must be tested which is beyond the scope of a bitumen specification. The penetration test is one of the oldest and most commonlyused tests on asphalt cements or residues from distillation of asphalt cutbacks or emulsions. Sir is there any standard procedure of sampling of rolled b t road for determination of bitumen content.
The aashto standard test procedure reports the percentage of material finer than the no. This dish of at least 350 ml capacity is fitted with a suitable support to hold the sample container firm and level during testing. Bitumen is very important component of many construction sites like roads, highways. Seal the container as soon as possible after sampling. Definition softening point is the temperature at which the substance attains a particular degree of softening under specified conditions of test. Bitumen quality and manufacturing processespast and present.
Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Procedure for the ductility test of bitumen the bituminous material tested is completely melted by heating it to a temperature of 75 to 100 degree celcius above the approximate softening point until it becomes thoroughly fluid. Tests applied on bitumen procedure of tests on asphalt. Pdf road construction materials basic knowledge and test. Place the rings, previously heated to a temperature approximately to that of. Typical compositions of coldrecycled bitumen stabilised materials. Penetration test of bitumendefinition and procedure of. Assemble the apparatus with the rings, thermometer and ball guides in position fill the bath to a height of 50mm above the upper surface of the rings with the freshly boiled distilled water or pure glycerin at a temperature of 5 0c. Procedure soften the material to a pouring consistency at a temperature not more than 60 0c for tars and pitches and not more than 90 0c for bitumen above the approximate respective softening points. In viscosity grade viscosity test are conducted at 60 c and 5 c which represents the temperature of road surface during summer and.
The properties of bituminous materials are dependent on the amount of bitumen used to coat the constant components of the mix. Performance of quality control tests at laboratory facilities other than the plantsite laboratory are allowed provided the laboratory facilities are owned by the producer, all test procedure criteria are satisfied, and the test results are furnished in writing to the plantsite laboratory within two working days. The producer is required to designate the testing procedures to be used for control of the aggregates, rap, and mixture. Design procedure for bituminous stabilized road surfaces for low volume roads. Tolerance between ia and acceptance tests are in table 4 016. When bitumen is heated above the boiling point of water, sometimes foaming of bitumen occurs.
However, some bituminous materials containing finely divided mineral matter may clog the filter or the mineral residue may not be easily retained, in which cases procedure no. It is not expected for the modulus values obtained to be univocal, whatever the procedure. In the mscr test procedure, the nonrecoverable compliance j. Bitumen quality aspects in view of huge expenditure involved in the construction of new roads and maintenance of the existing road network, the quality considerations of bitumen have become a subject ofinterese4. Foreword this guide is a refined edition of the road construction. Bitumen content may usually be expeditiously and accurately determined by procedure no. Penetration test of bitumenprocedure, apparatus, and uses for road construction 1 year ago cementconcrete penetration test of bitumen determines the hardness or softness of bitumen by measuring the depth in millimeter to which a standard loaded needle will penetrate vertically in five seconds while the temperature of the bitumen sample is. Procedure heat the material to a temperature between 75 to 100 0c above its softening point. Brass ring device filled with molten bitumen and bitumen wait until cool.
As indicated in the scope of the standard, use of these procedures is aimed at classification of the formulations of compacted bitumen mixes in terms of the stiffness modulus as a guide to estimation, by designers, of structural behaviour and, once the test configuration. Testing of bitumenaggregate affinity by various methods. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. In poland, as in many european countries belonging to cen, the adhesion of bitumen to aggregates is tested according to en 1269111 method a. Ip bitumen safety code provides good health, safety and environmental pr otection practice, rather than a set of rigid rules, for the whole product life cycle of manufacture, ble nding, storage, distribution, handling, use and sampling. Managing the risks of working with bitumen and bituminous products. Bitumen is categorized into different types according to its ingredients. Stir it thoroughly until it is homogeneous and free from air bubbles and water. Viscosity grade bitumen is categorized according to viscosity. Design procedure for bituminous stabilized road surfaces for. Greater value of penetration indicates softer consistency.
Experimental study in the present work experimental study was carried out using polymer modified bitumen, pmb70 and conventional bitumen of 6070. Asphalt bitumen the layout and pagination of this pdf file are not identical to the version in press first draft prepared by ms joann a. Various laboratory tests on bitumen is conducted to check quality and different properties of bitumen for pavement construction. Bitumen is a black or brown mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by partial distillation of crude petroleum. Various lab tests on bitumen for pavement construction. Pdf testing of bitumenaggregate affinity by various methods. In this test we examine the consistency of a sample of bitumen by determining the distance in tenths of a millimetre that a standard needle vertically penetrates the bitumen specimen under known conditions of loading, time and temperature. No better, practical test procedure was identified to warrant replacement of the currently used vialit test, but suggestions were made for changes to the method to potentially improve its precision. Standard test method for ductility of bituminous materials. Bitumen performance tests april 2016 nz transport agency. Sample was selected from dump truck which is in the site and then it was put in to the oven. The standardized procedure for this test can be found in astm d5 astm, 2001. This is the most widely used method of measuring the consistency of a bituminous material at a given temperature.
This method of upgrading aggregatesurfaced roads can save money by. Olsen, and dr marie haring sweeney, national institute for occupational safety and health, cincinnati, ohio, usa. Make at least three determinations at points on the surface of the sample not less than 10mm apart and not less than 10mm from the side of the dish. Ductility test on bitumen measures the distance in centimeters to which it elongates before breaking. Clean a penetration needle with toluene or other suitable solvent, dry with a clean cloth, and insert the needle into the penetrometer.